ABSTRACT
Background Maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation are putative risk and protective factors for depression and anxiety, but most prior research does not differentiate within-person effects from between-person individual differences. The current study does so during the early part of the Covid-19 pandemic when internalizing symptoms were high. Methods A sample of emerging adult undergraduate students (N = 154) completed online questionnaires bi-weekly on depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation across eight weeks during the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic (April 2nd to June 27th, 2020). Results Depression demonstrated significantly positive between-person correlations with overall maladaptive emotion regulation, catastrophizing, and self-blame, and negative correlations with overall adaptive emotion regulation and reappraisal. Anxiety demonstrated significantly positive between-person correlations with overall maladaptive emotion regulation, rumination, and catastrophizing, and a negative correlation with reappraisal. After controlling for these between-person associations, however, there were generally no within-person associations between emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms might be temporally stable individual differences that cooccur with one another as opposed to having a more dynamic relation. Alternatively, these dynamic mechanisms might operate over much shorter or longer periods compared to the two-week time lag in the current study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10366-9.
ABSTRACT
Background: Maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation are putative risk and protective factors for depression and anxiety, but most prior research does not differentiate within-person effects from between-person individual differences. The current study does so during the early part of the Covid-19 pandemic when internalizing symptoms were high. Methods: A sample of emerging adult undergraduate students (N = 154) completed online questionnaires bi-weekly on depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation across eight weeks during the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic (April 2nd to June 27th, 2020). Results: Depression demonstrated significantly positive between-person correlations with overall maladaptive emotion regulation, catastrophizing, and self-blame, and negative correlations with overall adaptive emotion regulation and reappraisal. Anxiety demonstrated significantly positive between-person correlations with overall maladaptive emotion regulation, rumination, and catastrophizing, and a negative correlation with reappraisal. After controlling for these between-person associations, however, there were generally no within-person associations between emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms. Conclusions: Emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms might be temporally stable individual differences that cooccur with one another as opposed to having a more dynamic relation. Alternatively, these dynamic mechanisms might operate over much shorter or longer periods compared to the two-week time lag in the current study. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10366-9.
ABSTRACT
A type of new-coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) was isolated. The first death caused by this virus occurred on January 9, 2020, in Wuhan and since then >600 million cases and more than six million deaths have occurred worldwide. This disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The disease is mainly spread between people through respiratory droplets that come from coughing and sneezing.There is currently no treatment that has been shown to be both safe and effective for patients who are suffering from life-threatening complications due to severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Convalescent plasma has showed promise as a treatment for adults infected with SARS-CoV 2, but it is not without its downsides. Convalescent immune plasma is plasma that has been obtained from a person who has recovered from an infection and developed antibodies after the infection has been cleared up. The maximum plasma dose that should be administered during convalescence is 5 mL/KgBW. It is advised that patients who are severely ill or in critical condition receive this plasma, but other sites also encourage using it for preventative purposes. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The 2019 novel coronavirus, also known as coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or 2019-nCoV, is an enveloped virus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA that causes a disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019. (COVID-19). As an immunology response, cells produce soluble proteins called cytokines during inflammatory or immune reactions. Cytokines are intercellular messengers that regulate local and generalized inflammation in response to external antigens or wounds, which control the healing process.In patients with severe COVID-19, an intense cytokine reaction might developed, which known as a cytokine storm.We aim to review the role of cytokines in COVID-19. Method(s): The full-text English articles served as the source for the data that was collected for this systematic review. The objective of this research was to ascertain the cytokine levels present in individuals who were diagnosed with Covid-19. Pubmed and Google Scholar are the two databases that were employed during the production of this essay. The PICO analysis was used to include Covid-19 patients, and the cytokine patient served as the index. This analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) paradigm, in which the researchers originally entered keywords into each database. Result(s): 1022 articles from the Googlescholar database and 244 articles from Pubmed journals were identified in the last 3 years, and 4 cross-sectionalarticles are eligible for this study. These studies show that cytokines were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients and showed the severity of the condition. Several cytokines, G-CSF, HGF, IL-10, IL-18, M-CSF, and SCGF-beta were found correlated with COVID-19 severity. Blood levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were substantial and independent predictors of patient survival (P 0.0001, P = 0.0205, and P = 0.0140, respectively). Conclusion(s): There are several cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Elevation of these cytokines were related to disease severity, worse disease progression and development of organ damage. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The Covid 19 pandemic has caused problems and progress in learning. Issues related to the online learning process are faced by educators related to technology use. On the one hand, due to the demands of the situation, the online learning process during the pandemic led to progress in learning using technology. One of them is by using a blog. This study aims to find out students' attitudes related to learning literature by using blogs. 79 students in the English Literature study program, Faculty of Art and Education at The University of Teknokrat Indonesia, were the samples in this study. Some of the benefits of blogs were collected and students interpreted blogs positive. Higher response to the use of blogs as a medium to increase critical thought shows positive regarding the purpose of learning literature. The findings also show that there are several problems faced by students related to the use of blogs. However, the students are interested in developing argumentative skills in writing paper on blog and the internet as a medium of self-representation. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred since the end of 2019 has changed almost the entire order of the world community, including Indonesia, in terms of health, economic, social and cultural arrangements. Based on the initial study, it is known that the number of Covid-19 deaths in East Java in 2020 has a high variance in each district/city which will cause an over dispersion problem, to overcome this, regression can be used assuming the response variable has a negative binomial distribution. Therefore, in this study we determine theoretically a model estimate of the number of cases of Covid-19 deaths in East Java due to comorbidities using a nonparametric negative binomial regression (NNBR) model approach based on a penalized spline estimator which is applied to generalized additive model (GAM). In this study, we provided steps for a local scoring algorithm to estimate NNBR model based on penalized spline estimator. In the future, the theoretical results of this study can be applied to the real data namely the number of Covid-19 death cases affected by comorbidities such as percentage of diabetes mellitus patients, percentage of hypertension over 15 years old patients, and percentage of tuberculosis patients. © 2022 the author(s).